The aviation industry has traditionally been male-dominated globally, but in recent years, women in India have made significant strides, contributing immensely across various roles. From pioneering pilots to dynamic leaders, women in Indian aviation have challenged stereotypes, driven innovation, and inspired future generations to reach for the skies.

This article explores the history, challenges, achievements, and future prospects of women in Indian aviation, celebrating their role in shaping the industry.

Women Who Redefined Indian Aviation

1. Sarla Thakral

Sarla Thakral was India’s first woman pilot, earning her pilot’s license in 1936 at the young age of 21. At a time when women faced societal restrictions, her achievement was revolutionary. Thakral’s story encouraged others to explore the skies, and while few women followed in her footsteps during the early years, she laid the groundwork for future generations.

2. Harpreet A. De Singh

As India’s first female pilot to lead an airline, Singh has been a trailblazer. Her leadership at Air India Express during challenging times exemplifies women’s ability to lead and inspire.

3. Captain Swati Raval & Captain Raja Richa Suri

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, these women conducted one of the world’s largest evacuation missions under the Vande Bharat Mission, safely bringing back stranded Indians from across the world.

4. Avani Chaturvedi, Bhawana Kanth, and Mohana Singh

In 2016, these three became the first female fighter pilots in the Indian Air Force (IAF). Their inclusion marked a significant milestone, shattering a longstanding barrier and inspiring women across the country.

5. Anny Divya

At 30, Anny Divya became the world’s youngest woman to command a Boeing 777, one of the largest aircraft, for Air India. Her journey from a small town to achieving global recognition underscores the growing inclusivity in aviation.

6. Neerja Bhanot

Indian air hostess who became an international hero for her bravery during the hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 on September 5, 1986. Neerja worked as a senior flight purser for Pan American World Airways (Pan Am). Her extraordinary courage and quick thinking saved the lives of many passengers during the hijacking, ultimately costing her own life.

Women’s Roles across the Aviation Spectrum

The contribution of Indian women in aviation is extensive and goes beyond piloting. They work in various roles that are crucial to the industry’s success:

1. Pilots and Flight Instructors

Women are increasingly taking up roles as pilots and flight instructors. India is one of the few countries with a high percentage of female pilots—over 12%, compared to the global average of just 5%. Their presence and leadership have redefined industry standards and normalized the concept of women in the cockpit.

2. Air Traffic Controllers (ATC)

ATCs are responsible for the safe movement of flights, requiring immense concentration and decision-making skills. Indian women have taken on these high-stakes roles, contributing to the efficiency and safety of the nation’s airspace.

3. Aviation Engineers and Technicians

Women in India are gradually moving into aircraft maintenance, engineering, and technical roles that require specialized training. Organizations like Air India have employed women as aircraft engineers, handling everything from diagnostics to repairs.

4. Cabin Crew and Customer Service

Traditionally more accessible to women, these roles have seen women excel by providing excellent customer service and representing airlines with professionalism. Cabin crew are also trained in safety and emergency protocols, adding another layer of responsibility.

5. Aviation Management and Leadership

Women are also stepping into management roles in aviation, contributing to operational and strategic decision-making. Their involvement in leadership fosters a more inclusive industry, with diverse perspectives that benefit all aspects of aviation.

Government and Corporate Support for Women in Aviation

Recognizing the need for greater female representation, government bodies and companies have introduced various initiatives to encourage and support women in aviation:

1. Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)

The DGCA has policies in place to ensure fair employment practices and encourage gender diversity in aviation roles. Scholarship programs and outreach efforts also aim to attract more women to aviation.

Here is a chart showing the number of Commercial Pilot Licenses (CPLs) issued in India from 2016-17 to 2023, including both the total CPLs issued and those specifically issued to women. The data highlights a steady increase over the years, with a notable rise in 2023.

India's aviation sector has seen an estimated 5-14% representation of women across various roles, ranging from pilots to ground staff, maintenance engineers, and management positions. This percentage highlights the relatively low female participation in an industry that is rapidly expanding and facing a growing demand for skilled professionals.

Recognizing this gap, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) issued an advisory to stakeholders in the aviation industry, including airlines, maintenance firms, and aviation training institutions, aiming to increase women’s participation to 25% by 2025.

2. Airline Initiatives

Airlines like Air India and IndiGo offer training programs, mentorship, and flexible policies to support their female employees. For instance, Air India has a dedicated Women’s Day flight, operated entirely by women, to celebrate their contributions.

3. Scholarships and Financial Aid

Scholarships from organizations such as the Ministry of Civil Aviation and private foundations help aspiring female aviators who may face financial constraints in pursuing training.

4. Professional Associations and Mentorship Programs

Groups like the Women in Aviation India (WAI) support women by providing mentorship, networking, and advocacy opportunities. These associations are critical in fostering a sense of community and empowering women in aviation.

Future of women in Indian Aviation

1. Increase Women Employment

India aims to increase women's participation in the aviation workforce from the current 14% to 25% by 2025. This target reflects a commitment to promoting gender diversity and inclusivity in a traditionally male-dominated industry. The goal aligns with broader efforts to address workforce shortages and bring fresh perspectives to roles in piloting, engineering, air traffic control, and aviation management.

2. Drone Didi Yojana

The "Drone Didi Yojana" is an initiative launched by the Government of India to empower rural women through drone technology. This scheme aims to provide skill training in drone operations to rural women, enabling them to use drones for various applications, such as agriculture, surveying, and public health. The initiative is part of a broader push to expand drone technology use in India, promote women’s entrepreneurship, and enhance rural economic development.

The Drone Didi Yojana provides significant financial support and training to empower rural women in drone technology. Under this scheme, eligible women receive an 80% subsidy on drone costs, up to a maximum of ₹8 lakh, making drone ownership more accessible. Additionally, the scheme offers easy loans at a 3% interest rate, allowing women to cover the remaining costs affordably.

A key component of the program is drone pilot training, included within the package, equipping women with essential skills to operate drones for agricultural and other rural applications. Women are also given opportunities to earn an additional ₹1 lakh per annum by renting their drone services, such as pesticide spraying, to local farmers. By encouraging Self-Help Groups (SHGs) to manage drone rental services, the scheme not only promotes entrepreneurship but also enhances productivity in farming communities, creating a sustainable source of income for rural women while modernizing agriculture in India.

3. Boeing Sukanya Program

The Boeing Sukanya Program is designed to empower girls across India to pursue careers in the country’s growing aviation sector. Aiming to boost female representation in aviation, the program provides essential opportunities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), equipping girls and women with skills critical to aviation careers. For young girls, Boeing plans to establish STEM Labs at 150 locations across India, inspiring early interest in science and aviation-related fields. The program also offers pilot training scholarships to women, helping them acquire necessary certifications and flight training.

With investments in comprehensive flight training curricula, simulator training, and career development, the Boeing Sukanya Program addresses both skill development and job readiness. By providing financial support, mentorship, and resources, the program is committed to creating a pathway for women and girls to thrive in aviation, nurturing future generations of female pilots, engineers, and aviation professionals in India.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the journey of women in Indian aviation is one of resilience, courage, and transformation. From early pioneers like Sarla Thakral to contemporary leaders and trailblazers across all facets of aviation, women have redefined what is possible in a traditionally male-dominated field. With impactful initiatives like the Drone Didi Yojana and Boeing Sukanya Program, alongside government advisories and corporate support, India is actively working to increase female participation, aiming for 25% representation by 2025. These efforts not only open doors for women but also enhance the industry through diverse perspectives, innovation, and inclusivity. As more women enter and excel in aviation, they continue to inspire future generations, proving that the sky is not just the limit—it’s a place where they truly belong.